Category Archives: Bird Behavior

Owlet Flying + Peregrines Not Incubating Yet

Schenley Park great horned owlet, 19 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

20 March 2025

Schenley Owlet flying

The Schenley Park owlet, who spent two weeks in rehab at Tamarack and came home on 11 March, has been making fast progress. Many have seen her roosting in trees this week and assume she must have flown to get there, but we never see it. She only moves in the dark. Fortunately, Dana Nesiti captured a video of her in flight before sunrise on Tuesday. He slowed down the video so you can see her.

video embedded from Dana Nesiti, Canonusr on YouTube)

And click here for Dana’s 10 minute video of her chilling in Schenley Park.

Pitt peregrines not incubating yet

Carla laid two eggs at the Cathedral of Learning peregrine nest on 16 and 18 March and a third egg is due this evening.

However, we’ve seen both parents cover the eggs and we know incubation begins when the next to last egg is laid. Are they incubating? Is Carla going to lay only 3 eggs?

As of this morning, 20 March, we have nighttime evidence that the peregrines are not incubating yet. Both were off the eggs the majority of the time last night as seen in this time lapse video.

Nighttime timelapse at Pitt peregrine nest, 19 March 7pm to 20 March 2025 7am ()

When peregrines are truly incubating they open the feathers that cover their brood patches before laying down to place their skin on the eggs. If they don’t, those feathers keep the eggs from reaching incubation temperature.

On the falconcam it is impossible to see if their skin is touching eggs but we can tell if they are opening the feathers. Watch for them to bob their bodies before they lay down. Ecco does this in a more exaggerated way than Carla.

Speaking of Ecco, did you notice that he relieved Carla around 3am? The literature says that the female incubates all night, but not last night. Peregrines can always surprise us.

Last Night at the Pitt Peregrine Nest

Carla at the nest at night, 15 March 2025 11:28pm (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

16 March 2025

When a female peregrine is getting ready to lay eggs she spends the night at the nest ledge. As egg laying becomes imminent she doesn’t have far to go to crouch over the scrape.

Last night Carla spent five hours at the nest and, from the start Ecco encouraged her to do so.

This Day-in-a-Minute timelapse video shows nest activity from 10:30 on Saturday night through 7:00am Sunday morning, 15-16 March, as follows:

  • 15 March 2025: The nest is empty from sunset until 10:30pm, not shown in the video.
  • When Ecco arrives he pops in and out so fast that you might not realize it’s him. Carla arrives soon after.
  • Carla stands on the gravel or the green perch for most of the night; she leaves at 4:40am.
  • A few minutes later Ecco arrives, checks the scrape and spends a while on the green perch.
  • Ecco leaves near dawn.
(Timelapse video from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

The real time video clip below shows the most interesting segments. With audio on you can hear Carla calling before she leaves the nest, perhaps wailing to Ecco for a snack. After a short gap with no peregrines, Ecco comes to the nest.

(Real time video clip from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Fingers crossed we’ll see the first egg this week. Watch for it at the National Aviary falconcam at the University of Pittsburgh’s Cathedral of Learning.

p.s. Nighttime activity is not unusual among peregrines. Fifteen years ago Louie was famous for it at the Gulf Tower. See Remembering Louie: 2002-2019

Cool Corvids: Raven Pairs on Territory

Raven pair in flight (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

14 March 2025

I’ve seen a lot of ravens in the past two weeks — 11 in Minnesota, two as we landed at Pittsburgh airport, and one over Aspinwall on Tuesday. When I found Vance Crofoot’s 3-minute video explaining raven territories I was fascinated.

video embedded from Exploring wildlife with Vance Crofoot on YouTube

Here’s what we learned:

  • Immature ravens spend 3 to 4 years in large flocks of young ravens. On reaching adulthood, ravens pick a mate and go off to claim a territory.
  • Adult pairs display their territorial boundary by flying along the border.
  • Ravens know their neighbors and will sometimes fly with them along the mutual border.
  • Ravens help their neighbors drive out predatory threats.
  • Other ravens are not allowed to land in an adult pair’s territory. If they do they are challenged.
  • When a pair has chicks they aggressively drive out predators.
  • Once the chicks can fly, neighboring families meet up for “play dates” with their kids.
  • Youngsters also can bring friends home to play with.
  • Juvenile ravens stay with their parents for about 7 months. At the end of that time their parents aggressively drive them out of the territory.

The first comment on the video points out how different ravens are from crows!

Very informative! It’s interesting that the intergenerational behaviour is different from crows whose juveniles hang around longer and actively assist their parents in raising the next chicks and fledglings. The ravens’ cooperative behaviours are very well adapted to their needs and types of threats.

— Comment on the video from @julieprior3126

And why are there so many ravens in this video? Southern California has a lot more ravens than we do in the East, as shown on this eBird map.

Sightings of common ravens in North American in the past 10 years, 14 March 2025 (map from eBird)

Ravens Hate A Cheater

Raven shouting, Feb 2017 (photo by J.Maughn via Flickr Creative Commons license)

20 February 2025

Ravens have moral standards, they understand fair play, and when someone breaks their trust they refuse to deal with them again. Ravens hate a cheater.

We know this because researchers conducted a trading experiment in 2017 in which they built trust with ravens (Corvus corax). When a raven offered bread, the human gave him his favorite food, cheese.

Then one of the researchers accepted the bread but ate the cheese she was supposed to give to the raven, in effect saying, “Hah Hah Hah! Fooled you!”

The ravens were outraged! Find out what happened next in this vintage article.

p.s. Are we humans as smart as ravens when it comes to trust? Alas, some are not and the cheaters become bold.

Peregrine Tap Dance in Slow Motion

Peregrine falcon, Gusto, in flight in 2022 (photo by Chad+Chris Saladin)

13 February 2025

Though it’s been cold and snowy, Chad+Chris Saladin are busy monitoring peregrine territories in northeastern Ohio to see who’s present and who is not.

On Sunday 9 February they caught up with Gusto, the male peregrine who’s been resident at the Hilliard Road Bridge site over the Rocky River since 2021. While Chad took photos Chris captured a video of Gusto watching and preening on a branch, then doing a tap dance on the ice before he took off.

Here he is in slow motion.

video embedded from C&C Saladin on YouTube

p.s. You probably noticed that Gusto pooted before he took off. Birds typically lighten their load before takeoff by getting rid of useless “baggage.” So they poot before they fly.

Plucky Crows Harass Bald Eagles

Crow pulls the tail of an immature bald eagle, Delta, BC, Canada (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

4 February 2025

Bald eagles are top predators who will eat crow nestlings, fledglings and unwary adults if the opportunity arises, so crows learn from a very young age to watch out for eagles.

Even in the nest young crows hear and see their parents drive off hawks and eagles. In their first year of life, which they spend with their parents, they learn the rules of harassment.

  • When a lone crow sees an avian predator he perches prominently and calls for reinforcements.
  • When his buddies arrive the crows work as a mob to drive away the predator.
Crows mobbing a bald eagle in Bremerton, WA (photo from Wikimedia Commons)
American crows harassing a bald eagle in Alaska (photo from Wikimedia Commons)
  • When the situation is acute and the mob is left behind, a solo crow may harass an eagle even though he’s the only one left. Sometimes he does something daring.

Ten years ago photographer Phoo Chan went to the shore at Seabeck, Washington to photograph the bald eagles who arrive in large number during the midshipman fish run (Porichthys sp). He was very lucky to capture photos of a lone crow riding on an eagle’s back. See more in his article below.

Crows keep the world safe for crows. 😉

Green Woodpecker Murmurs and Shouts

Green woodpecker in France (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

19 January 2025

The Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis) is a bit unusual. Instead of drilling trees he spends most of his time on the ground, poking his beak in the soil.

Eurasian green woodpecker foraging on ground (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

That’s because he …

Predominantly [eats] ants, chiefly meadow-dwelling species of genera Formica (winter) and Lasius (spring to autumn); generally, larger ant species preferred.  …

Uses bill to sweep away moss, dead leaves, other debris, or snow; pecks funnel-shaped holes up to 12 cm (4.7 in) deep in ground, and procures prey with action of the very long tongue; such holes may be exploited in lengthy and repeated visits. When snow cover heavy, can dig tunnels almost 1m (more than 3 feet) long to reach prey. 

Green Woodpecker account at Birds of the World

About That Tongue: When Shaun Robson in Dorset, England worried that green woodpeckers were disappearing from his area, Jason Miller (@jasonmillerart) answered with a video that proved they’re still around. Can you hear the green woodpecker murmuring?

embedded video from Jason Miller Jason Miller @jasonmillerart on X (Twitter)

He can also be quite loud.

video embedded from European Wildlife by Lukáš Pich on YouTube

These traits may remind you of a North American woodpecker. Though not closely related, our northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) also forages on the ground for ants and shouts in the spring.

Northern flicker foraging on ground (photo from Wikimedia Commons)
video embedded from MyBackyardBirding on YouTube

… and he murmurs “wika wika wika” with his lady. (Note: In the audio below you’ll also hear the chattering of an upset wren.)

Short-Eared Owls Bring Joy to Winter

Short-eared owl in Lawrence County, Jan 2025 (photo by Steve Gosser)

17 January 2025

When Debbie and I went to Lawrence County last Sunday we knew we would see sandhill cranes but our real target, our Fingers Crossed hope, was to see a short-eared owl (Asio flammeus). Friends had told us about them and we’d seen Steve Gosser‘s stunning photos on Facebook.

We were very lucky. While we were watching the cranes a photographer drove by and told us where to find a female (dark plumage) roosting near the ground. On our way there we saw a paler bird, probably male, perched on playground equipment.

Short-eared owl, female, 14 Dec 2024 (photo by Steve Gosser)

But we weren’t lucky enough to see this!

I also re-learned a valuable lesson: “There is no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothing.

I wore the wrong boots last Sunday because I forgot how much we would stand in the snow to watch birds. My feet were cold. It made me grumpy. I was not liking winter at that point.

But when I got home I put the bad boots away and pulled out my Sorrels and I’ve been happy ever since. Winter has some big advantages. Steve describes it perfectly.

Follow Steve Gosser on Facebook here. He also has a 2025 calendar featuring his photos.

p.s. The weather next week will be particularly challenging, especially on Monday 20 January when Pittsburgh’s high will be 9°F with a low of -5°F. Bundle up!

Crow Update, mid-January

Crows flying over Riverview area, Dec 2022 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

15 January 2025

After the big push to find Pittsburgh’s winter crow flock for the Christmas Bird Count in late December I took a break and merely enjoyed them. Searching and counting is hard work so I didn’t look for crows and if I saw them I certainly didn’t count them. Thankfully, you’ve been letting me know what you see.

Fred’s comment yesterday makes me wonder if crows are roosting on Downtown buildings.

Last Friday, 1/10/25, just before 7 am there were thousands of crows flying around and roosted in trees of the little park on First Ave downtown (across from PNC) and perched on all the buildings around. Their collective cawing would have made conversation at normal levels difficult. Having seen similar numbers in Oakland and Schenley in the early evening, made me wonder if they make the pre dawn rally to town.

Comment from Fred, 14 Jan 2025

Frances and Sue indicate crows might be tucked in across the river at Southside.

In recent days I have noted them flying west to east over Southside Flats early in the morning (dawn).

Comment from Frances, 13 Jan 2025

Lots of crows roosting on E Sycamore St in Mt. Washington, starting about 30 minutes ago (4:30pm).

Comment from Sue Thompson on 8 Jan 2025

In the past two weeks I’ve noticed crows flying east to west toward Schenley Park and the Hill District and staging briefly in Schenley before dusk.

Winter crows at Schenley Park, 21 Jan 2017 (photo by Mike Fialkovich)

So I put these 5 observations on a map. Orange is dusk, pink is dawn, the dots are staging areas.

5 observations of winter crow flock movements at dusk (ORANGE) and dawn (PINK), 13-14 Jan 2025 (map screenshot from Google Maps, annotated)

Pittsburgh’s crows may have split or moved their roost this month and I wouldn’t be surprised if they did. Bitter cold temperatures like last night’s 7°F prompt crows to spend the night on a warm rooftops rather than in bare trees.

UPDATE: check the comments for additional news on 15 Jan.

And here’s a treat for crow watchers: In Lawrence, Massachusetts the Crow Patrol sees crows after dark on roofs and trees using infrared cameras. Notice how crows’ eyes glow white in infrared light. 🙂

video embedded from Winter Crow Roost, Lawrence, MA on YouTube

Falconcam Crew Finds a Cache of Cuckoos

Pileated woodpecker skull from Pitt peregrine cache area, 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

11 January 2025

Yesterday the Univ of Pittsburgh, the National Aviary, and I prepared for the upcoming peregrine nesting season by cleaning the nestbox and falconcams.

After examining the indoor side of the camera equipment Bob Mulvihill of the National Aviary and Gracie Jane Gollinger from Pitt IT braved 10°F weather on the ledge. Camera cleaning went well despite the cold weather and there was nothing to clean at the nestbox. However …

Bob Mulvihill and Gracie Jane Gollinger traverse the ledge, 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)
Bob Mulvihill cleans the snapshot camera, 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Gracie Jane Gollinger)

When Bob stepped out on the landing that leads to the cameras, we were amazed that the area at his feet was strewn with partially eaten prey. I kept a list. Some were hard to identify.

  • Rock Pigeon (Feral) 1
  • Yellow-billed Cuckoo 3 or 4
  • Black-billed Cuckoo 1
  • Pileated Woodpecker 1
  • Northern Flicker 1 (yellow feathers)
  • European Starling 1
  • Wood Thrush 2 or 3

Up to 5 cuckoos! The landing was clean when the chicks were banded on 21 May 2024 so the cache was left since then.

Bob stands among dehydrated peregrine prey: 2 yellow-billed cuckoos and a northern flicker (photo by Kate St. John)
More peregrine prey on the landing, 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

The most interesting find was the skull of a pileated woodpecker. I assumed that peregrines would never capture a bird with such a dangerous beak but I was wrong.

Pileated woodpecker skull from Pitt peregrine cache area, handheld for scale, 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)
Female pileated woodpecker skull from peregrine cache area, found 10 Jan 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

Why so many prey items at this spot? Perhaps it was a favorite dining area where the adults dropped off food for last year’s youngsters.

Why so many cuckoos? The Pitt peregrines have always had a fondness for cuckoos, probably because their flight is floppy which makes them easy to catch. My only regret is that the peregrines caught so many cuckoos and wood thrushes.

Here’s the crew after our successful visit.

Left to right: Dante Bongiorni (Pitt Facilities Mgmt), Bob Mulvihill (National Aviary), Doug Cunzolo (Bob assist), Gracie Jane Gollinger (with hat, Pitt IT), Megan Hinds (National Aviary), Kate St. John (“The Peregrine Lady”) — photo by Gracie Jane Gollinger

We’re ready for Peregrine Season!