Category Archives: Doves & Chickens

Identifying Who They Ate

Ringed (banded) racing pigeon in the wild in France (photo from Wikimedia)

15 July 2026

Peregrine falcons eat birds for a living and leave the remains behind, usually just feathers and bones. Every once in a while they eat a banded bird and if we’re lucky the band remains on the gravel at the Pitt peregrine nest. Can we identify who they ate?

Right now there’s a small blue metal band near the green perch that’s been on the gravel for about a year, disappearing and reappearing at random.

Blue band on the gravel, 14 July 2026 (snapshot from the National Aviary Falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

It cannot be read in a closeup but it looks like a homing pigeon band (racing or wedding dove). It’s uncommon for the Pitt peregrines to catch a homing pigeon but I’ve seen it before.

Blue band on the gravel, 14 July 2026 (snapshot from the National Aviary Falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

About 15 years ago during a Pitt peregrine banding, Art McMorris pointed out a homing pigeon band that he’d retrieved from the nest. I volunteered to track down the pigeon’s owner. At the time it was pretty difficult. Each pigeon owner affiliates with a pigeon association and each association has its own band listing. You have to decipher the Association Code before you can begin.

I was having a hard time getting anywhere until it dawned on me that the last 10 digits on the band looked like a phone number. So I called it and immediately reached the pigeon owner in northern Indiana.

He told me that the bird was part of a Young Bird race — hatched 3.5 to 4.5 months earlier — that started in southern Indiana. It should have flown north about 200 miles. Instead it flew northeast about 400 miles — twice as far — before it stopped. It apparently had a compass error so it was totally unsuitable for racing. He did not mind that a peregrine ate it.

At the Center for Conservation Biology they monitor peregrines that nest throughout Virginia including at the James River Bridge at Newport News. Bryan Watts tells the story of prey bands found in peregrine nests. It’s interesting to note that Eastern Shore peregrines eat a lot of shorebirds, some of which have flag bands

Next winter when we clean the falconcams we’ll collect the blue band … if we see it and remember to look.

Pigeons Choose a Door and Win

Pigeon coming in the door (photo from Wikimedia)

13 July 2026

There’s a famous problem that humans get wrong almost all the time but pigeons get right. It’s called the Monty Hall Problem, named after the TV host, co-creator and co-producer of television’s Let’s Make A Deal. It works like this:

There are three closed doors, one with a prize behind it, two with goats. Suppose you and the pigeon both pick Door #1.

illustration for Monty Hall Problem at Wikipedia

You still don’t know where the prize is but Monty Hall does know and he opens one of the two remaining doors that has a goat behind it.

illustration for Monty Hall Problem at Wikipedia

Monty asks you, “Do you want to stay with your choice of Door #1 or do you want to switch?”

Well, it looks like you have a 50-50 chance of winning so you stick with Door #1. This is a losing strategy. Pigeons switch doors and win 2/3 of the time.

Pigeons often perform quite impressively on tasks requiring them to estimate relative probabilities, in some cases eclipsing human performance.” In 2010 scientists spent a month testing 6 pigeons using a similar setup. Within 30 days the pigeons picked the right door 96% of the time. Then they tested 12 humans and the results were lousy.

Pigeons get it. Humans don’t. This video explains how switching doors works best. I see the statistics, but my gut still comes up with the wrong answer.

video embedded from AsapSCIENCE on YouTube

Read Live Science: Pigeons Beat Humans at Solving ‘Monty Hall’ Problem to find out why pigeons are better at this than we are.

Meanwhile this pigeon picks Door #1.

video embedded from Collab Video Archive on YouTube

Huge Bird Flu Outbreak in Lancaster County, PA

Snow goose and domestic chickens: direct transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (photos from Wikimedia)

1 March 2026

Right now there’s a perfect storm of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania with “all hands on deck” to stop it. Since 28 January 7.5 million birds have died in Pennsylvania.

USDA’s 30-day bird flu map shows that PA is the only state in serious trouble.

USDA Map of Confirmed Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Commercial and Backyard Flocks as of 1 March 2026.

Several things combined to make this possible.

  • Pennsylvania is the fourth largest egg-producing state (after Iowa, Ohio and Indiana).
  • Lancaster County (LanCo) is the top egg-producing county in PA and one of the largest poultry and egg producers in the world.
  • To achieve this volume the county has quite a few large industrial chicken farms. Some of these house more than a million birds making LanCo the most densely poultry-populated county in the U.S.
  • Domestic chickens are highly susceptible to bird flu and this strain is especially deadly. It is called “highly pathogenic” or “high path.” (HPAI)
  • This is the first virus that can jump directly from wild birds to poultry.

HPAI has been in the U.S. since 2022 so why did it affect so many chickens this February?

The theory is that this winter was so cold and the lakes and rivers so frozen that overwintering snow geese went to whatever open water they could find. Some snow geese found water near poultry farms in Lancaster County (perhaps the Susquehanna River). The flu probably jumped from infected snow geese to domestic chickens (illustration at top).

Dr. Hamberg from the PA Dept of Agriculture explains the challenges on a visit to Lancaster County this week.

video embedded from WGAL TV on YouTube

The top five incidents were all egg-laying operations (see table below), that culled 6.7+ million birds.

We should expect the price of eggs to go up.

Eggs on the

Read more about dead birds and the price of eggs in this vintage article from 2024: Dead Birds and the Price of Eggs.

Did you know that cats and cows can catch bird flu but not your feeder birds? See Cats, Cows and Cardinals: More info on Bird Flu.

And here’s that table I promised.

These top 5 HPIA outbreaks in Pennsylvania, 28 Jan through 28 Feb 2026, culled 6.7 million birds. They were all commercial egg-laying operations in Lancaster County. {Data is from USDA on 1 March 2026}
ConfirmedCounty NameProductionControl Area ReleasedBirds Affected
2/18/2026LancasterCommercial Table Egg LayerActive1,451,700
2/17/2026LancasterCommercial Table Egg LayerActive2,641,200
2/17/2026LancasterCommercial Table Egg PulletsActive393,300
2/3/2026LancasterCommercial Table Egg LayerActive722,100
1/28/2026LancasterCommercial Table Egg LayerActive1,509,700

(*)See H5N1 current status at USDA: Confirmations of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Commercial and Backyard Flocks

What’s the Nesting Success of PA’s Wild Turkeys?

Wild turkeys displaying in an Allegheny County backyard in 2023 (photo by Kathy Saunders)

13 January 2026

Because wild turkeys are hunted in Pennsylvania their population is well studied by the PA Game Commission. Over the years, studies revealed that the population peaked statewide about 25 years ago then declined for a long time and now stabilized at the lower level. To parse out why, PGC added GPS tracking to their annual wild turkey surveys in four Wildlife Management Units starting in 2022. This makes the annual Winter Turkey Sighting Survey a lot more interesting for us in western PA

During the Winter Pennsylvania Wild Turkey Sighting Survey, 31 December through 15 March 2026, PGC asks the public to help find turkey flocks to trap and release on site for their ongoing turkey studies.

Of particular interest to us in southwestern Pennsylvania is this: The Game Commission will attach GPS transmitters to a sample of turkeys in WMUs 2D, 3D, 4D and 5C (circled below), approximately 150 hens and 100 males in total.

WMU 2D is in our region. For detailed boundaries see PGCs ArcGIS map.

PA WMUs for wild turkey tracking study (map from PGC)

The 2024 results reported here, PGC ANNUAL PROJECT REPORT: Wild turkey population and movement dynamics, 14 June 2025, provide nesting success rates for the GPS tracked birds in WMUs 2D, 3D, 4D, 5C. Though this is just a small sample, the big takeaway is that wild turkey hens and their poults (chicks) have a hard life.

The study started with 199 tracked hens of which 193 nested (6 probably died). About 69% of the 2024 nests failed (no eggs; no hatched). From the successful nests 113 poults survived at least four weeks.

Table of wild turkey breeding success in WMUs 2D,3D,4D,5C in 2024 (from PGC’s Wild turkey population and movement dynamics report)

It’s clear from this table that — even in a small statewide sample — our turkey population cannot sustain itself in just one breeding season. Turkey hens must participate in multiple breeding seasons to keep the population stable.

Help the turkey survey by reporting turkey flocks here: PGC Turkey Sighting Survey.

p.s. Why such low success? more study needed.

Beauty With a Blind Spot

Male golden pheasant (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

17 December 2025

The male golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), native to forests in western China, is one of the showiest birds on earth. He’s bright red, orange, yellow and blue with a tail twice as long as his body and a black-and-orange ruff that displays to cover his face, except for his eyes.

Male golden pheasant (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

His beauty is aimed to impress the ladies. Female golden pheasants prefer outrageous males so their mate selection drives male plumage evolution. Fortunately the males don’t incubate eggs. The females are dull colored for camouflage on the nest.

Female golden pheasant (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Birds hunted by predators usually have a wide field of view so they can see danger coming from every angle. Pheasants, like pigeons in the diagram below, usually see almost 360° without turning their heads.

But not the male golden pheasant. His fancy head feathers block his field of view above and behind his head. If you can’t see at least one of his eyes, he can’t see you. This guy has a huge blind spot.

Male golden pheasant, back of head (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Golden pheasants are not the only species with this problem. Male Lady Amherst’s pheasants (Chrysolophus amherstiae) also have a blind spot, especially when they display.

Find out more in the New York Times: He’s Beautiful, but He Has a Huge Blind Spot.

Wild Turkeys Dance

Male wild turkey strutting his stuff (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

27 November 2025

Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) practice polygyny — many females mated to one male. Their mating ritual requires that the males dance to attract females.

So why are these three, below, strutting together if only one will get to mate with the lady?

Males in wild turkey flocks are usually brothers who collaborate to attract the opposite sex.  The less dominant brothers display but won’t become fathers … unless they sneak some action on the side when their brother is not watching.

video embedded from @WEGE33 on YouTube

In this case nobody won. Better luck next time.

Happy Thanksgiving!

Seen Last Week in Colorado

27 April 2025

Last week I missed an influx of migrating warblers that arrived in Pittsburgh but I saw a lot of birds and scenery in Colorado including 14 Life Birds.

Flowers: Colorado is very dry so most of the flowers we saw were small. The flower with the most pizzazz was the bright red Northern Indian paintbrush, above.

Our group totaled 17 people in two vans. The first van was a birding group from Switzerland, all of them photographers. Many birds were new to them so they took a lot of photos. Here we’re observing evening grosbeaks.

Observing evening grosbeaks, 23 April 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

We saw an old favorite from Pennsylvania, a nesting great horned owl with two chicks near the Utah border. (This is my own digiscoped photo. I am awaiting shared bird photos from the group.)

Great horned owl with two chicks, Mesa County, CO, 22 April 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

Best sound was the low droning of the greater prairie chickens in Wray, Colorado. The recording below this Wikipedia photo was captured by our guide, Sue Riffe, where we observed them.

Greater prairie chicken booming and bowing at the lek (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

And of course there was spectacular scenery: Here are the captions and commentary for the slides below.

  • View of eastern Colorado from the air: Small distinct clouds make shadows on the dry landscape.
  • Scene near Fountain, Colorado: Dry land with a building and barbed wire fence. Lots of barbed wire in Colorado.
  • Perfectly formed isolated “lump” hills near Fountain, Colorado
  • Mesa with sandy erosion deposits that make it look as if the mesa was built by bulldozers and dump trucks.
  • Promontory at Coal Canyon Trailhead. A piece at the top is ready to fall. Watch out below!
  • Utah-Colorado border road. Utah is ungrazed on the left. Colorado is grazed by cattle on the right. At this site Utah has a lot more birds.
  • Meandering Arkansas River at Arapaho NWR.
  • Our group walks the prairie at Pawnee National Grasslands.
  • Sunrise at the greater sage grouse lek near Coalmont, Colorado.

It was a good trip and now I’m glad to be home. Onward to warblers!

Same Idea, Different Dance in Spain

Male little bustard (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

26 April 2025, Flying home

Last night was the end of the Grouse Lek Extravaganza in Colorado so today I’m flying home to Pittsburgh with memories of dancing chickens in my head.

By now you may think that North America is the only place where chickens dance, but I saw little bustards (Tetrax tetrax) in Spain last September who molt into breeding plumage in late winter and dance to impress the drab-colored ladies in March.

In spring, male little bustards assemble on the lek, puff their spiffy black and white necks, and perform a stamp, click, leap and tweet dance.

I wonder how he makes that Clicking sound.

Like the greater sage-grouse and greater prairie chicken, the little bustard is listed as Near Threatened because of habitat loss throughout its range. Though it breeds in Southern Europe and in Western and Central Asia …

Europe holds around 40% of the global breeding range, but may hold as much as 80-90% of the global population. … The European population is estimated to be declining by 30-49% in three generations (30.9 years).

IUCN Red List: Little bustard population assessment

See the little bustard’s range map at the link.

Everybody’s Favorite Dance

Sharp-tailed grouse (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

25 April 2025

25 April 2025: Grouse Lek Extravaganza with She Flew Birding Tours.
Day 7: Greater prairie chicken lek, Pawnee National Grassland, to Denver

Today is the last day of the Grouse Lek Extravaganza tour. In six days we’ve traveled more than 1,200 miles in Colorado to see all five dancing birds and, though we saw this one two days ago, I am saving the best dance for last.

Sharp-tailed grouse performing at the lek (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

When it comes to performances on the lek, Gunnison and greater sage-grouse are stately, dusky grouse are secretive, and prairie chickens are an audio experience. However, everybody’s favorite dance is the one performed by the sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus). See if you don’t agree.

video embedded from Kevin Aitken on YouTube

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Tomorrow the Prairie

Greater prairie chicken booming and bowing at the lek (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

24 April 2025: Grouse Lek Extravaganza with She Flew Birding Tours.
Day 6: Greater sage-grouse lek, Colorado State Forest, Loveland Pass, to Wray

This morning we are up and out very early to see the greater sage-grouse lek, described here with video. Afterward we travel almost 400 miles: visiting sub-alpine habitat, crossing the Continental Divide at Loveland Pass, descending the Front Range to Wray, Colorado near the place where Colorado, Nebraska and Kansas meet.

Tomorrow we’ll see prairie birds in Wray and at Pawnee National Grassland. I can hardly wait to see these Life Birds:

For greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) their booming hum is just as important as the dance moves on the lek. Prairie chicken leks can be found from eastern Colorado and Kansas to North Dakota and western Minnesota. We will visit one near Wray. Sparky Stensaas recorded this one in Minnesota.

video embedded from Sparky Stensaas on YouTube
Longspurs: Thick-billed and Chestnut-collared

All longspurs have a long back toe (hallux) or “long spur” that gives them their name. Though lapland and Smith’s longspurs visited the Great Plains over the winter, they have left for their arctic breeding grounds while two other longspur species have stayed to breed.

Thick-billed longspurs (Rhynchophanes mccownii) like short grass prairie and perform their courtship dance above it in the sky.

In its striking aerial display, the male flutters upward to a height of about 10 m (32 ft) and then descends, teetering on outstretched wings held back to display the vivid white lining, with its white-and-black “T”-patterned tail fanned, and issuing a tinkling, warbling song.

Birds of the World: Thick-billed longspur

This bird used to be called McCown’s longspur.

The chestnut-collared longspur (Calcarius ornatus) is relatively small. The colorful males perform an undulating flight display with a melodic song.

The male performs aerial song displays: flies upward, circles and undulates and, after peak of ascent, descends while singing, with its tail spread.

Birds of the World: Chestnut-collared longspur
Chestnut-collared longspur (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

The lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) is the State Bird of Colorado and a plentiful sparrow of the Great Plains.

For most of the year male lark buntings match the landscape but in March and April they begin to molt into striking black and white plumage and slowly migrating north. Males arrive a few days before the females; each male establishes a territory in what appears to be a colony, and begins its aerial displays. — paraphrased from Birds of the World: Lark Bunting

Lark bunting (photo from Wikimedia Commons)