Category Archives: Doves & Chickens

The Original Chicken

Doves & Chickens, Hawaii, Travel
Red junglefowl, Kauai, Hawaii (photo by Aaron Budgor on Flickr)

This is not somebody’s rooster. He didn’t escape to the wild but he has the same ancestors as the chickens we humans domesticated about 8,000 years ago for meat and eggs.

Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) are native to India and east Asia but were introduced to Indonesia, the Phillippines and Polynesia where they remain wild today. When humans first came to Hawaii in 400 AD they brought red junglefowl with them. The birds walked into the jungle and felt right at home.

Today our Victor Emanuel Nature Tour visits Koke’e State Park on the island of Kauai where red junglefowl roam and run.

Red junglefowl, Kauai, Hawaii (photo by Aaron Budgor on Flickr)

We might hear them greet the dawn with a shorter call than the domestic rooster’s.

Call of male red junglefowl, XC319954 (audio from Xeno Canto)

And we might see some well-camouflaged females.

Red junglefowl female (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

It will be strange to see a Life Bird that’s also the original chicken.

(credits: two photos of solo males in Hawaii by Aaron Budgor on Flickr. female from Wikimedia Commons; click on the captions to see the originals)

Tour Day 4: Koke’e State Forest and Alakai Swamp, island of Kauai

Racing Pigeons And Raptors

Bird Behavior, Birds of Prey, Doves & Chickens, Peregrines

Pigeons (Columba livia) and the raptors who hunt them have evolved together for millions of years. The raptors’ successful hunts leave only the fastest, most maneuverable pigeons. Speedy, elusive pigeons mean only the most skillful raptors can survive.  Most of us never get to see this interaction so this dramatic video from Romania is a real treat.

In 9 minutes Porumbeiro shows how his racing pigeons work to elude two raptors: first a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), then a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). 

The pigeons stay in a tight flock because raptors can’t pick out a victim in a moving ball of birds. The raptors try to separate one bird from the group by slicing through the flock. If it works, the raptor pursues the lone bird.

Who will win?

(video by pomumbeiro on YouTube)

They Use Roads To Fly Home

Bird Behavior, Doves & Chickens
Racing pigeon and pigeons racing (photos from Wikimedia Commons)

Humans build expressways but we aren’t the only ones who use them.  Back in 2004 scientists tested a theory that racing pigeon owners suspected was true:  Pigeons will follow major roads to guide their flight home.  In fact, the birds will go out of their way to turn at intersections.

In a study conducted in Italy, researchers released racing pigeons fitted with GPS backpacks from sites 20 to 80km from home (12.5 to 50 miles).  In over 200 flights, the data showed that experienced pigeons preferred to follow roads and rail lines in the early and middle parts of their trips.  As they got close to home they left the road grid and made a beeline for the loft.

On the first trip from each site pigeons didn’t use the grid, but the more they made the same trip the more they used big roads.

Why do they do this?  Scientists suspect that easier navigation above major roads makes up for taking slightly longer routes. The birds don’t have to think about where they’re going and can focus on flying fast and watching for predators.

That’s why I take expressways in my home town, even when they’re clogged at rush hour.  I know the back roads but I’d rather not think about navigating.

Read more about the 2004 study in Science Daily.

(photos from Wikimedia Commons; click on the caption links to see the originals)

Yes, We Can Fly

Books & Events, Doves & Chickens
Male wild turkey in flight (photo by Andy Reago and Chrissy McClarren via Wikimedia Commons)

On Thanksgiving 2018

Despite their size and ungainly appearance, wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) can fly.  They have to be airborne twice a day to get to and from their roosts in trees.

Most of us never see them fly but here’s some indirect evidence. The wild turkey below was photographed on Thompson Island in the bay east of Boston, Massachusetts. The photographer’s mobile phone provided GPS.

Wild turkey on an island (photo by Sophia Lai via Wikimedia Commons)

Here’s the wild turkey’s location.

Google map of wild turkey’s location (image from Google maps)

He didn’t swim. He had to fly.  But the wild turkey’s flight range is only 1.6km = 1 mile. 

My guess is that he landed at the south end Thompson Island, 0.83 miles from the mainland. At 60 miles per hour — yes, that’s the wild turkey’s top speed — it would have taken him less than a minute. 

Who knew that wild turkeys could move that fast?

(photo by Andy Reago and Chrissy McClarren via Wikimedia Commons; click on the caption to see the original)

What Is This Chicken Saying?

Bird Behavior, Doves & Chickens, Vocalizations

If we want to understand what birds are saying the easiest way to learn is from the birds that live with us.

Sue Cross at The Holistic Hen observes her free range chickens closely to find out what they’re saying.  Sometimes a message isn’t clear at first.  

This hen flew up to touch the door repeatedly.  Watch the video to find out why.

Read more about chicken behavior and organic forest farming at The Holistic Hen.

(video from The Holistic Hen on YouTube)

Lonesome Doves

Doves & Chickens, Vocalizations

Mourning dove cooing (screenshot from YouTube video by jkontrad)
Mourning dove cooing (screenshot from YouTube video by jkontrad)

What is that hooting?  Is it an owl calling in the middle of the day?

In the spring, male mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) perch high, puff their throats and make the deepest loudest sound possible for a bird so small.   The first rising note is lost in the distance, but the last two or three low notes carry far.

Last week at Moraine State Park I was momentarily transfixed when I heard “Hoooo Hoooo” across the valley.   When I paused to listen I realized that the cadence didn’t match any local owl. Not the great horned owl.  Not the barred owl.  I heard only two notes but they were spaced like the mourning dove’s.

Listen as a mourning dove sings one rising note, then 3 or 2 low notes.  Imagine you can hear only the last two notes.  (Xeno-canto recording XC153652 by Paul Marvin at Moosehead NWR, Maine)

 

Now compare it to these two owls:

GREAT HORNED OWL recording by Ted Floyd, Boulder, CO at Xeno-canto XC344952

BARRED OWL recording by Tim Spahr, Ithaca, NY at Xeno-canto XC25239

 

Here’s a mourning dove trying to attract a mate (YouTube video by jkontrab).

 

Don’t be fooled when you hear this Hoooo-ing sound.  It’s just a lonesome dove.

 

(screenshot from the YouTube video by jkontrab, audio from Xeno Canto; see the captions for media sources)

Where’s Willow?

Doves & Chickens

White-tailed ptarmigan, Highwood Pass, Highway 40, Alberta, Canada, Nov 2017 (photo by Dan Arndt)

This photo looks odd until you see a bird in it.

White-tailed ptarmigans (Lagopus leucura) hide in plain sight by blending into the landscape.  They’re speckled brown in summer and white as snow in winter.  They virtually disappear when they close their eyes.

In late November Dan Arndt found these birds in the snow at Highwood Pass, Highway 40 in Alberta, Canada.

White-tailed ptarmigan, Highwood Pass, Highway 40, Alberta, Canada, Nov 2017 (photo by Dan Arndt)
White-tailed ptarmigan, Highwood Pass, Highway 40, Alberta, Canada, Nov 2017 (photo by Dan Arndt)

How many ptarmigans do you see?

Willow ptarmigans hide, too. Practice finding them in this 2010 article: Where’s Willow?

 

(photos by Dan Arndt)

Warned By A Feather

Doves & Chickens, Vocalizations

Birds use alarm calls to warn each other of danger but pigeons are generally silent.  What sound could a pigeon make to signal danger?  The crested pigeon (Ocyphaps lophotes) of Australia uses his 8th feather.

Crested pigeons make a whistling sound when they fly — a high note on the down stroke, a low note going up.  Researchers found out that the eighth primary feather is the source of the high note and that the speed of the low-high modulation provides the warning.

When a bird flaps slowly the whistle repeats slowly, so other pigeons decide the bird is not afraid.  When the sound repeats rapidly it sounds like the pigeon is fleeing, so the other birds do, too.

Watch the video or read about this discovery here in Science Magazine.

 

p.s.  Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) make a similar whistling sound when they fly.  I wonder if it functions as a warning sound.

(video from Science Magazine)

Happy Thanksgiving

Doves & Chickens

How do you tell a wild turkey from a domestic one (ignoring the fact that they’re in a pen)?

In my experience, wild turkeys walk away from you. Domestic turkeys walk toward you and they try to get as close as they can.

And then they make you laugh.  😉

Happy Thanksgiving.

 

(YouTube credits: Produced in Cooperation with NasenNews Location: Turkey Farm in the wonderful Odenwald, Germany)