Category Archives: Nesting & Courtship

Peregrine Update Southwest PA, 20 April 2026

Peregrine at Tarentum Bridge, 28 Mar 2026 (photo by Dave Brooke)

20 April 2026

Peregrine falcons are incubating at many sites in Southwestern Pennsylvania and eggs have already hatched at Tarentum Bridge. Here’s a summary of the latest news.

Peregrine territories in southwestern PA, May 2025 (markup by Kate St. John)

Map legend: Dark blue=bridge sites, Red=building sites, Pale blue=no success in 2025

Site List and latest activity. Yellow=fledglings last year. Scroll to see entire spreadsheet

Activity in the region:

Cathedral of Learning, Univ of Pittsburgh:

Turning the eggs at Cathedral of Learning, 16 April 2026 (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Carla and Ecco’s eggs are due to hatch some time soon between the 24th and 28th of April. Watch the National Aviary falconcam and you may be the first to see it!

East Liberty Presbyterian Church steeple:

East Liberty peregrine coming in with prey, 9 March 2026 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

Alas! On 8 April Ed Moore confirmed what peregrine monitor Adam Knoerzer had suspected. The nest has failed because it blew away in a storm in late March. Read all about it here: East Liberty Peregrines’ Nest is Gone

Downtown Pittsburgh, 3rd Avenue:

Terzo’s black/red band is visible as he flies from the nest ledge, 3 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

On 3 April Jeff Cieslak confirmed that this year’s pair at the Third Avenue Downtown nest is the same as last year: Terzo and the dark female.

Female peregrine at Third Ave Downtown, 3 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

He also confirmed they are incubating!

Incubation at the Third Avenue nest, 20 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

Eckert Street / BRUNOT ISLAND / McKees Rocks Bridge, Ohio River:

Male peregrine at Brunot Island RR Bridge, 2 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

On 2 April Jeff confirmed a courting pair of peregrines at the Brunot Island RR Bridge. His photos show that the male is the same one he spotted at the West End Bridge over the winter. This male has the same distinctive “backwards” bands (silver on the wrong leg).

The pair did a prey exchange and the chocolate brown female flew away with the meal. Is she immature or could she be another, darker version of the Downtown female?

Female peregrine carries prey at Brunot Island, 4 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

Sewickley Bridge, Ohio River:

The off-duty peregrine at Sewickley Bridge, 3 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

The Sewickley Bridge pair is incubating so while one is in the nest the other is off duty. Jeff photographed both of them on 3 April.

Incubation in progress at the Sewickley Bridge, 2 April 2026 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

Tarentum Bridge, Allegheny River:

Female peregrine at the nestbox, Tarentum Bridge, 14 March Feb 2026 (photo by Dave Brooke)

Happy news at Tarentum Bridge!

On 16 April 2026: She appears to be feeding hatchlings. The timing is right. I estimated tomorrow the 17th as a possible hatch day.

Facebook update from Dave Brooke 16 April 2026

Duck Hollow, Monongahela River: 1 peregrine seen on 11 April 2026. No photos.

Westinghouse Bridge, Turtle Creek, Monongahela Watershed: No news since 10 March 2026

I-70 Bridge, Speers, Washington County, Monongahela River: Surprise!

After so many years with no reports from the I-70 Speers/Belle Vernon Bridge, a peregrine was seen there last Sunday. Nicklas Hostetter must have been driving by when he saw it: https://ebird.org/checklist/S324182139.


A Big Thanks to Jeff Cieslak who has monitored the majority of these sites(!) and for allowing me to use his photos.

USS Eaglet Rescued After Swallowing Fish Hook

video embedded from PixCams on YouTube (5:40 minutes)

20 April 2026

Bald eagles eat fish and so do people. Unfortunately our fishing gear can kill eagles with fish hooks that tear the digestive system, lead sinkers that cause lead poisoning, and monofilament that entangles and strangles. We usually don’t see what happens when fishing gear meets wildlife but on Saturday morning 18 April the danger was live on the USS Irvin eaglecam.

That morning Irv, the father eagle, brought in a freshly caught fish for his three eaglets. At just two weeks old the youngest waited front and center while his mother Stella fed him. Watchers of PixCams’ live stream saw the moment when the youngster (USS11) ingested a yellow lure with hook and monofilament. It looked bad.

Don German, retired manager at USS, notified Tamarack Wildlife Center (TWC) who immediately assessed the video footage, saw the eaglet trying unsuccessfully to eject the fishing gear, and recommended he be rescued for medical evaluation. As TWC coordinated the rescue, everything fell quickly into place. Within 12 hours the eaglet had undergone surgery to remove the hook deep in his intestines. By Sunday morning he was eating again.

video embedded from CBS News Pittsburgh

Tamarack Wildlife Center describes the rescue on their Facebook page.

NOTE: If you’re viewing this on mobile: There is a Facebook bug that may prevent display of embedded Facebook posts on mobile devices. Until Meta fixes it click here to see TWC’s post.

If all goes well and the eaglet makes a speedy recovery, he may be returned to the nest in as little as a week. His parents will certainly welcome him back.

Watch the USS Irvin bald eagles live stream on YouTube and stay up to date with their latest news.

Follow Tamarack Wildlife Center on Facebook for more updates on eaglet USS11.

The Cowbird’s Mobile Lek

Male brown-headed cowbirds display to a female (photo from Wikimedia)

15 April 2026

Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are the blackbird we love to hate. The female never builds a nest but instead lays her eggs in the nests of smaller birds who feed her hungry chick while their own eggs and chicks die.

This nesting strategy evolved from the cowbirds’ historically close association with grazing herds on the Great Plains. Since the buffalo were always on the move, so were the brown-headed cowbirds. Without a home to build a nest, they use the nests of other birds.

Their nomadic existence also affected their courtship behavior. Male brown-headed cowbirds do not stake out a physical territory where a single male perches to sing. Instead males gather and loudly display to attract females. Their display is like a lek except that it is always on the move.

Watch as one male cowbird displays to a female at the feeder. When he first arrives she makes her rattle sound. Another male shows up and they both display.

video embedded from CritterCam on YouTube

This month you’ll see male cowbirds displaying together in the trees to attract more females to join them. At the end of this video another female arrives.

video embedded from LycoBirds on YouTube

Eventually they’ll move on and set up their mobile lek somewhere else.

East Liberty Peregrines’ Nest is Gone

12 April 2026

Adam Knoerzer monitoring every day. On 9 March he watched them fly around their territory and on 19 March he saw them bowing at the nest.

Peregrine flying around East Liberty Presbyterian steeple, 9 March 2026 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

But on 2 April Adam wrote, “Dead quiet all week at East Liberty. Haven’t seen a single falcon the three times I’ve dropped by this week between 4-6pm.” It also looked like the sticks were gone.

Peregrine absence in those first days of April is not normal. In prior years the female laid eggs during that time. We wondered what was happening so Adam asked Ed Moore at East Liberty Presbyterian Church if he could check on the nest area.

On 8 April Ed sent the photo at right below and wrote, “Hi, Adam. Nothing up there. This pic is the ledge they were on last year. I checked all four corners and nothing.”

Two photos below show Before and After. At left is the nest with young in 2025. Notice the substrate that’s almost like mulch. At right is the same area now, circled in blue. It is completely empty.

East Liberty Presbyterian peregrine nest formerly on steeple: nest in May 2025, nothing in April 2026 (photos by Ed Moore)

What happened? My guess is the Wind!

The peregrines were using the remnants of a former red-tailed hawks’ nest which was built on the sloped steeple and held up by big sticks rimming the outside. The nest was located on the northeast corner which provided the best protection from Pittsburgh’s prevailing southwest winds as well as strong west winds.

In this Google satellite screenshot the steeple has a yellow arrow pointing to the nest location and green arrows for west winds. Unfortunately the nest was not protected from strong north winds, turquoise arrows below.

screenshot of showing East Liberty Presbyterian Church steeple. Markup shows nest location and winds (image from Google satellite map)

March was a stormy month with at least two storms that took down trees that blocked the roads. Statistics from one of those storms shows how bad the wind was.

On the night of 31 March a thunderstorm began with strong west winds at 43mph gusting to 58mph at 11:45pm. Five minutes later the wind had switched to the north gusting to 52 mph for another five minutes. The north wind is certainly a threat to the nest … if it was still there by that point.

screenshot of NWS detailed weather observations at Pittsburgh International Airport (KPIT) weather station, night of 31 March to 1 April 2026

Late in March or early April the East Liberty peregrines became homeless and had to find a new nest site because the female was ready to lay eggs. They could see a prime nest site not many miles away — the Cathedral of Learning — but it was already occupied. What to do? Harass the current residents to make them leave.

Apparently that harassment is in progress but it isn’t working yet. Over the past two weeks I’ve seen Carla and Ecco both step away from the eggs for a few moments to check the sky. Sometimes the parent on the eggs leaves the nest and the other one arrives. At one point when it was quite warm they were both gone for about an hour.

Carla checks the sky, 28 March 2026 (photo from the National Aviary snapshot camera at Univ of Pittsburgh)
Carla checks the sky, 31 March 2026
Carla checks the sky, 5 April March 2026

For Carla and Ecco retaining the nest site is more important than anything and they will put their all into it. Ideally the former East Liberty peregrines will find a nearby bridge to their liking.

Red-Tails Nesting in Schenley Park

Red-tailed hawks switch at the nest, Schenley Park, 3 April 2026 (screenshot from Dana Nesiti, Canonusr on Youtube)

10 April 2026

Last year in early April Dana Nesiti was filming great-horned owl siblings in Schenley Park but this year their nest is gone and the owls have relocated, we don’t know where. Instead Dana has found a red-tailed hawk nest where the pair is incubating eggs.

Red-tailed hawks are the most common hawk in southwestern Pennsylvania with at least three territories in Schenley Park, one of which is Dana’s favorite pair. On 3 April he visited them to see how their nesting is progressing.

video embedded from Dana Nesiti, Canonusr on Youtube

Last Friday was warm and very windy and it roared while Dana filmed the male on the nest.

The music he selected for Five Minutes in the Wind is calming and briefly dramatic. Enjoy.

video embedded from Dana Nesiti, Canonusr on Youtube

Urban Mallards Are Nesting Already

Female mallard (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

9 April 2026

In just three weeks there’s been a dramatic change in the number and mix of mallards seen at Duck Hollow.

In mid-March I reliably saw at least 20 from the parking lot and almost all were in pairs.

Mallard pair, female and male (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

At the end of March I watched a female checking out the thickets near this concrete path while her mate watched from the river’s edge. Their paired searching is typical of the female mallard’s nest site selection process so I paused to watch.

Duck Hollow, old boat launch at the Mon River, 28 March 2026 (photo by Kate St. John)

The female checked various bushes and walked up the bank (behind this view). Eventually she realized that too many people, including me, use the path so she rejected the spot and rejoined her mate in the river.

There’s a lot more to mallard nest site selection and building than we realize. This information paraphrased from Birds of the World is useful when you’re watching mallard behavior:

  • Mallards begin searching for a nest site within a few days of selecting their breeding home range (territory). The search is generally 5–10 days after the first “Persistent Quacking” by the female. (I’ve noticed that no one is quacking now!)
  • The female selects the nest site, usually on the ground in an upland area near water. For maximum concealment she places the nest under overhanging cover or in dense vegetation. In urban settings this might be underneath ornamental bushes, in woodpiles, in planters, hidden near docks, etc.
  • The pair does their best to make sure the area is safe from predators. “Experimental evidence suggests that mallards and several other dabbling ducks may be able to assess mammalian predator abundance and hence predation risk when selecting a nest-site by detecting (smelling!) these animals’ urine.”
  • The female makes the nest by forming a shallow depression or bowl on the ground in moist earth (‘digging the scrape’). She does not carry material to the nest but rather uses what she can reach and pull toward her with bill while sitting on nest.
  • During the laying phase, she improves the nest by lining the bowl with vegetation and plant litter from nearby. She also pulls and bends tall vegetation over to conceal herself and nest. After incubation begins, she plucks down from her breast to line the nest and cover the eggs when she takes a break from incubation.

This urban mallard chose a flower box for her nest and was probably surprised so suddenly that she didn’t cover her eggs.

Mallard nest in flower box. Notice the down feathers surrounding the eggs (photo from Wikimedia)

When I stopped by Duck Hollow on Tuesday 7 April there were only 6 mallards present. All but one of the ladies were missing. They are all on hidden nests.

First 2026 Eaglet Hatches at Glen Hazel (Hays)

video embedded from PixCams on YouTube

3 April 2026

Yesterday morning, 2 April at 9:20am, the first egg hatched at the Glen Hazel (Hays) bald eagle nest. This video shows a closeup of the chick emerging from the egg. Notice the mother eagle’s talons and feet near the egg. She is so large and the chick is so small.

About 40 minutes later, the light rain had stopped and the sun came out. The mother eagle got up and we could see the chick dried off and moving. His mother made a soft chirping sound while a cardinal sang in the background.

video embedded from PixCams on YouTube

This is the first year there’s been a camera on the Glen Hazel nest though it’s their second nesting season at this site after they moved here from Hays.

Watch this growing family at PixCams: Glen Hazel (Hays) Bald Eagle Nest or follow PixCams on Facebook.

There’s a story in the Post-Gazette about Pittsburgh’s eagles (behind a paywall): It’s turning into a blockbuster season for Pittsburgh bald eagles – Post-Gazette, Mary Ann Thomas

Trading Places Many Times a Day

As Ecco watches, Carla steps into the nest to take her turn at incubation, 27 March 2026, 6:01pm (photo from the National Aviary snapshot camera at Univ of Pittsburgh)

29 March 2026

When peregrines have eggs both parents incubate. The female incubates all night. The male takes turns with her during the day. This trading of incubation duty is called a nest exchange.

On Friday 27 March Carla and Ecco made eight nest exchanges from pre-dawn to evening.

  1. 6:58 am — Ecco relieves Carla. He brought her breakfast.
  2. 8:45 am — Carla’s turn
  3. 10:55 am — Ecco
  4. 12:45 pm — Carla’s turn
  5. 3:14 pm — Ecco’s turn
  6. 3:49 pm — Carla
  7. 5:05 pm — Ecco takes over so Carla can eat dinner.
  8. 6:01 pm — Carla arrives to spend the night on the nest

The amount of time the male incubates each day mostly depends on the female. If he arrives to relieve her and she says “no,” he leaves.

Tom and Azina at FaB Peregrines in the UK (Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham) are an extreme case. On 27 March she spent almost 23 hours on the eggs and only let him incubate for about an hour.

Most peregrine couples have a more equitable arrangement. In their heyday, Dorothy and E2 often waited after the first “no” to see if the answer would change. For example, when Dorothy came to relieve E2, sometimes he would not make eye contact, signaling that he wanted to stay. Dorothy would stand near him and wait patiently, sometimes for an hour, until he was ready to get up. See one of these episodes in 2012 at Reluctant Changing of the Guard.

Egg#4 at the Pitt Peregrine Nest

Ecco reveals the four eggs in full color, 25 March 2026, 8:02am (screenshot from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh via Kim Getz)

25 March 2026

Carla and Ecco now have four eggs but we wouldn’t have known it until sharp-eyed observer Scott Hannan captured a screenshot just before 7am when Carla and Ecco did a nest exchange. Ecco is in this photo, getting ready to incubate.

Four eggs at Pitt peregrine nest screenshot by Scott Hannan at 6:59, 25 March 2026 (snapshot from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

It took me a while to find the moment when Carla laid the egg. From the overnight archives she laid it at 1:20am. It’s under her tail in this screenshot.

Carla just after laying egg#4 at 1:20am, 25 March 2026 (snapshot from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Here’s the video at the moment of laying and a couple of minutes thereafter.

video embedded from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh

After laying the egg, Carla incubated nonstop until Ecco came to relieve her at 6:58am. Here’s what Scott saw this morning.

video embedded from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh

It is likely that this fourth egg is Carla’s last for the clutch. She and Ecco will be incubating until hatch date in late April.

Watch The Big Sit at the Pitt peregrines’ nest on the National Aviary falconcam at the University of Pittsburgh’s Cathedral of Learning.